Clinical characteristics and surgical effects of acute calculous cholecystitis in high altitude area of Tibet / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical effects of acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) in high altitude area of Tibet.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 182 ACC patients who underwent surgery in the 954th Hospital of Army from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected. There were 56 males and 126 females, aged (41±13)years. Of the 182 patients, 61 cases undergoing open cholecystec-tomy were divided into the open group, and 121 cases undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were divided into the laparoscopic group. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of ACC in high altitude area; (2) surgical situations; (3) postoperative complications; (4) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect postopera-tive complications of patients up to October 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measure-ment data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of ACC in high altitude area. Of the 182 patients, cases with symptom duration as <3 days, 3 days to 1 month, >1 month and ≤12 months, >12 months were 37, 43, 57, 45, respectively. Seventy-seven of the 182 patients were combined with other diseases before surgery. (2) Surgical situations. Two cases in the open group were found common bile duct stones during the operation, and underwent choledochotomy and T-tube drainage. Nine cases in the laparoscopic group were converted to laparotomy, including 3 cases with severe abdominal adhesion and ineffective hemostasis, 6 cases with anatomical variation of Calot triangle. The conversion to laparotomy rate was 7.438%(9/121). The other patients in the open group and the laparoscopic group completed surgery successfully. The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, time to postoperative first out-of-bed activities, time to postoperative first flatus, cases with indwelling drainage tube, cases with acute simple cholecystitis, acute suppurative cholecystitis, acute gangrene cholecystitis, gallbladder perforation of disease pathological type, postoperative white cell count, postoperative neutrophil percentage, duration of postoperative hospital stay were (109±42)minutes, 50(45,100)mL, (16.1±1.5)hours, (31.4±11.9)hours, 33, 25, 27, 6, 3, (6.8±1.9)×10 9/L, 72.7%±7.4%, (7.3±1.7)days for the open group. The above indicators were (98±43)minutes, 20(20,50)mL, (12.9±1.4)hours, (26.7±12.1)hours, 51, 56, 51, 9, 5, (7.1±2.4)×10 9/L, 70.5%±8.7%, (6.4±1.7)days for the laparoscopic group. There were significant differences in the volume of intraopera-tive blood loss, time to postoperative first out-of-bed activities, time to postoperative first flatus, duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( Z=?6.75, t=14.41, 2.46, 3.45, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the operation time, cases with indwelling drainage tube, diseases pathological type, postoperative white cell count, postoperative neutrophil percentage between the two groups ( t=1.66, χ2=2.33, 0.84, t=?0.71, 1.66, P>0.05). (3) Postoperative complica-tions. Postoperative complications occurred in 7 of the 61 patients in the open group and 5 of the 121 patients in the laparoscopic group. There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications between the two groups ( χ2=2.46, P>0.05). (4) Follow-up. Of the 182 patients, 115 cases including 35 cases in the open group and 80 cases in the laparoscopic group were followed up for 12(range, 3?24)months. During the follow-up, 1 case of the 35 patients in the open group had abdominal pain and jaundice, which was diagnosed as choledocholithiasis. The patient was improved after stone removal with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Two cases of the 35 patients in the open group had upper abdominal pain with fever and were improved after anti-infection treatment. Of the 80 patients in the laparoscopic group, 1 case had upper abdominal pain and 1 case had dyspepsia and anorexia, respectively. The two cases were improved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusions:Patients with ACC in the high altitude area of Tibet have high ratio of preoperative complications, long diseases history and high incidence rates of pyogenic perforation of the gallbladder. Patients with ACC in the high altitude area undergoing LC is safe and effective. Compared with open cholecystectomy, LC have less volume of intraoperative blood loss, faster postoperative recovery and shorter duration of postoperative hospital stay.

Ginsenoside Rd inhibits IL-1ß-induced inflammation and degradation of intervertebral disc chondrocytes by increasing IL1RAP ubiquitination

Many compounds of ginsenosides show anti-inflammatory properties. However, their anti-inflammatory effects in intervertebral chondrocytes in the presence of inflammatory factors have never been shown. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are generally associated with the degradation and death of chondrocytes; therefore, finding an effective and nontoxic substance that attenuates the inflammation is worthwhile. In this study, chondrocytes were isolated from the nucleus pulposus tissues, and the cells were treated with ginsenoside compounds and IL-1β, alone and in combination. Cell viability and death rate were assessed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry methods, respectively. PCR, western blot, and immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression, and the interactions between proteins, respectively. Monomeric component of ginsenoside Rd had no toxicity at the tested range of concentrations. Furthermore, Rd suppressed the inflammatory response of chondrocytes to interleukin (IL)-1β by suppressing the increase in IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, COX-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and retarding IL-1β-induced degradation of chondrocytes by improving cell proliferation characteristics and expression of aggrecan and COL2A1. These protective effects of Rd were associated with ubiquitination of IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP), blocking the stimulation of IL-1β to NF-κB. Bioinformatics analysis showed that NEDD4, CBL, CBLB, CBLC, and ITCH most likely target IL1RAP. Rd increased intracellular ITCH level and the amount of ITCH attaching to IL1RAP. Thus, IL1RAP ubiquitination promoted by Rd is likely to occur by up-regulation of ITCH. In summary, Rd inhibited IL-1β-induced inflammation and degradation of intervertebral disc chondrocytes by increasing IL1RAP ubiquitination.

Galectin3 Regulates Transforming Growth Factor-β-induced Epithelial-mesenchymal / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the role of Galectin3 in transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 cells. Methods Galectin3 was over-expressed in an A549 cell line. EMT was induced in lung cancer A549 cells by adding TGF-β. The expressions of Galectin3,E-cadherin,and vimentin were determined by Western blot. The protein expression of E-cadherin and the morphological changes of the cells were detected by immunofluorescence. Cellular proliferation was analyzed with cell counting kit-8,and the cellular migration and invasion was measured by scratches healing and Transwell assay,respectively.Results When only Galectin3 was over-expressed in A549 cell line,the expression levels of EMT-related proteins such as E-cadherin and vimentin were not changed,and the abilities of cellular proliferation,invasion,and migration were not changed either. When the EMT was induced by TGF-β in A549 cells,the E-cadherin expression was down-regulated and the vimentin expression was up-regulated in A549 cells with Galectin3 over-expression. There was no significant change in cellular proliferation,whereas the abilities of cellular invasion and migration were enhanced.Conclusion The TGF-β-induced EMT in A549 cells can be enhanced by Galectin3.

Effect of HOTAIR-siRNA on invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by miR-21 / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To study the role of lnc-HOTAIR and its target-controlled miR-21 on invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) and its related mechanisms.Methods The expression of miR-21 in 30 cases of HCC was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR),and correlation with clinical pathology was also analyzed.siRNA of lncHOTAIR was transfected to HCC HepG2 cell (HepG2),invasive activities of HepG2 was detected by Transwell,the expression of miR-21 was determined by qRT-PCR,the expression of protein MMP-2 was determined by Western blotting,and the correlation with miR-21 expression was analyzed.Results Compared with pericarcinous tissue,the expressions of miR-21 in tumor tissue increased apparently (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of miR-21 correlated positively with malignancy degree,differentiation degree and invasion and metastasis respectively,and correlated negatively with tumour size,tumour number and level of AFP respectively.After silencing the HOTAIR gene,the invasive activities of HepG2 were suppressed,the expression of miR-21 gene and MMP-2 protein were down regulated,and both of them were positively correlated.Conclusion High expressions of miR-21 in liver cancer correlate positively with malignancy degree,differentiation degree,intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases and portal vein tumor thrombus respectively.HOTAIR may inhibit the invasion and metastasis of HCC by controlling the expression level of miR-21.

Effect of Tuina Combined with Treadmill Training on Nerve Regeneration after Sciatic Nerve Delayed Suture in Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effect of the combination of Tuina and treadmill training on nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve transection.Methods A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,model group and treatment group equal-ly.The sciatic nerve was transected in the latter two groups and the epineurium suture was delayed four days.Then the treatment group ac-cepted Tuina and treadmill training once a day.The motor conduction velocity(MCV)of sciatic nerve was measured one and two months af-ter intervention in ten rats respectively,while the number of regenerated axons and Schwann cells was counted,and structures of sciatic nev-er were observed under electron microscopy. Results Compared with the model group, the MCV accelerated in the treatment group (P<0.05),the number of axons was not significantly different(P>0.05),and the number of Schwann cells increased two months after modeling (P<0.05),with less injury under electron microscopy.Conclusion Tuina combined with treadmill training can promote the regeneration of the injured peripheral nerve.

Clinicopathologic features and clinical significance of endometrial carcinoma with mismatch repair deficiency / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features and clinical significance in mismatch repair (MMR) of deficient endometrial carcinoma. Methods A total of 108 endometrial carcinoma cases younger than 50 years of age who were underwent routine laparotomy in our hospital were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry staining was used for 4 MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2). Patients were divided into two groups (MMR deficiency group and MMR normal group) based on the results of immunohistochemistry staining. Results Thirty-three percent of cases (36 patients) showed at least one deletion of MMR protein expression. The clinicopathological features of 36 cases with deletion of MMR protein expression were analyzed. The 31% showed deep myometrium invasion and 25% were with intense lymphocyte infiltration around tumor cells. Thirty-five percent of endometrial carcinomas associated with mucinous, clear cell or other differentiations, and 14% with heterogeneity. Background endometrium of majority of the cases displayed proliferative endometrium. There were 20% cases complicated with ovarian carcinoma. Features included deep myometrium invasion, lymphocyte infiltration around tumor cells, multiple differentiations and complicated with ovarian carcinoma. There were significant differences in background endometrium between endometrial carcinoma combined with ovarian cancer group and control group. Conclusion MMR deficient endometrial carcinoma has characteristic features, which are different from both type I and type II endometrial carcinoma.

Rb1 protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence: involvement of caveolin-1 / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:Endothelial cell senescence has been proposed to be involved in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis.This study aims to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rb1,a major constituent of ginseng,on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced endothelial cell senescence,and to explore the expression and production of caveolin-1 in H2O2-induced premature senescence.METHODS:The senescence of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was induced by H2O2 as judged by morphology inspection,senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining and cell cycle detection.The protein expression of caveolin-1 was determined by Western blot and confocal laser-scanning microscopy.RESULTS:Treatment of the HUVECs with H2O2 at 60 μmoL/L induced premature senescence,as judged by enlarged,flattened cell morphology,increased SA-β-Gal activity and sustained growth arrest.H2O2 effectively increased caveolin-1 level.Pretreatment of the HUVECs with Rb1 was found to reverse endothelial cell senescence,as witnessed by a significant decrease in senescent cell numbers and a decreased percentage of G0/G1 phase cells.Furthermore,Rb1 administration reversed the H2O2-increased protein level of caveolin-1.CONCLUSION:Ginsenoside Rb1 antagonizes H2O2-induced endothelial cell senescence through caveolin-1 modulation.

Rb1 protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence: involvement of caveolin-1 / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:Endothelial cell senescence has been proposed to be involved in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis.This study aims to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rb1,a major constituent of ginseng,on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced endothelial cell senescence,and to explore the expression and production of caveolin-1 in H2O2-induced premature senescence.METHODS:The senescence of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was induced by H2O2 as judged by morphology inspection,senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining and cell cycle detection.The protein expression of caveolin-1 was determined by Western blot and confocal laser-scanning microscopy.RESULTS:Treatment of the HUVECs with H2O2 at 60 μmoL/L induced premature senescence,as judged by enlarged,flattened cell morphology,increased SA-β-Gal activity and sustained growth arrest.H2O2 effectively increased caveolin-1 level.Pretreatment of the HUVECs with Rb1 was found to reverse endothelial cell senescence,as witnessed by a significant decrease in senescent cell numbers and a decreased percentage of G0/G1 phase cells.Furthermore,Rb1 administration reversed the H2O2-increased protein level of caveolin-1.CONCLUSION:Ginsenoside Rb1 antagonizes H2O2-induced endothelial cell senescence through caveolin-1 modulation.

Comparison of biomechanical effect between oblique Ban-pulling manipulation and lumbar erection-rotation manipulation in sitting position for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To compare the biomechanical effects between oblique Ban-pulling manipulation and lumbar erection-rotation manipulation in sitting position in treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH). Methods:A three-dimensional finite element model of L3-S1 was developed to carry out a comparative study between oblique Ban-pulling manipulation and lumbar erection and rotation manipulation in sitting position. The disc protrusion was assumed to be on the rear left of L4 disc, and the manipulations were performed on the right side. The loading process was simulated by two steps. In the first step, only the compression loading was imposed, and in the second step, both the compression loading and axial rotation moment were imposed. The displacement and stress distribution in L4 disc were investigated. Results:The values of stress and displacement in the second step were lower than those in the first step in each manipulation. The stress and displacement differences between the two steps were respectively 1.79 times and 3.03 times larger in oblique Ban-pulling manipulation than those in lumbar erection-rotation manipulation in sitting position. Conclusion: Oblique Ban-pulling manipulation may result in a better biomechanical effect than lumbar erection-rotation manipulation in sitting position for LIDH.

Comparison of biomechanical effect between oblique Ban-pulling manipulation and lumbar erection-rotation manipulation in sitting position for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To compare the biomechanical effects between oblique Ban-pulling manipulation and lumbar erection-rotation manipulation in sitting position in treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH). Methods:A three-dimensional finite element model of L3-S1 was developed to carry out a comparative study between oblique Ban-pulling manipulation and lumbar erection and rotation manipulation in sitting position. The disc protrusion was assumed to be on the rear left of L4 disc, and the manipulations were performed on the right side. The loading process was simulated by two steps. In the first step, only the compression loading was imposed, and in the second step, both the compression loading and axial rotation moment were imposed. The displacement and stress distribution in L4 disc were investigated. Results:The values of stress and displacement in the second step were lower than those in the first step in each manipulation. The stress and displacement differences between the two steps were respectively 1.79 times and 3.03 times larger in oblique Ban-pulling manipulation than those in lumbar erection-rotation manipulation in sitting position. Conclusion: Oblique Ban-pulling manipulation may result in a better biomechanical effect than lumbar erection-rotation manipulation in sitting position for LIDH.

Antidepressive effects of petroleum ether extract from Ranae Oviductu and its possible mechanism / 中草药

Objective: To study the antidepressive effect of the petroleum ether extract from Ranae Oviductus (PERO) on chronic mild stress depressive rat model and its mechanism. Methods: The rats were divided into control, model, Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, positive control), and different doses (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) of PERO groups. The rats in PERO groups were administered once daily for 21 d, while the rats in the control and model groups were administered with equivalent normal saline. After 1 h for the rats in PERO and model groups and 0.5 h for the rats in Fluoxetine group of the last administration, the chronic unpredictable mild stress for 21 d was used to induce the depression in rats. The body weight was measured and the depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by the open-field test and sucrose preference test. Then the corticosterone level in the rat plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in the hippocampus were measured by Western blotting analysis. Results: Compared with the control group, the body weight, sucrose preference, and motion distance in open-field test of rats were decreased, the corticosterone level in plasma was increased, and the BDNF level in hippocampus was decreased. Compared with the model group, PERO treatment alleviated the body weight decreasing, increased the sucrose preference and motion distance, reduced the corticosterone level in the plasma of rats, and increased the BDNF level in hippocampus of rats. Conclusion: The antidepressive effect of PERO is likely mediated by modulating the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increasing the expression of BDNF in brain tissues.

A genetic optimization designing method for microorganism detection genechip probe based on genetic algorithm / 中国医疗器械杂志

A new automatic selection approach of microorganism specific fragment combination is presented in this paper. Genetic algorithm is used to search optimal solution on the basis of classification ability of SNP combination, which is evaluated by the rough set theory. Other related experimental parameters are also been incorporated. Experimental results show that the method can find the best SNP combination pattern efficiently and accurately, which implies that it is a reliable approach to the genechip probe design.

Protective effect of dl-tetrahydropalmatine on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of dl-tetrahydropalmatine(dl-THP) on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CC4) in mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Mice were administracted with dl-tetrahydropalmatine ip 20, 40 mg x kg(-1) daily for 9 d respectively, and then actue liver injury model was induced by 0.1% carbon tetrachloride ip 20 mL x kg(-1). The mice were killed 17 h after injection ip of CCl4, serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) activity were measured, and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in liver were detected.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>dl-THP significantly reduced the level of serum ALT and AST, inhibited lipoperxidation in liver, while increased SOD activity in liver tissue. Degeneration of hepatocytes was obviously prevented in mice treated with dl-THP, and the liver histological structure was well maintained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>dl-THP has inhibitory effects on liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice. The mechanisms may be related with its effects of reducing lipid peroxidation product.</p>

The diagnosis and treatment of bilateral thyroid cancer / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To improve the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of synchronous bilateral thyroid carcinoma(SBTC). Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 11 patients with SBTC were analysed. Results Of them, 9 patients were well differentiated cancer, 1 medullary cancer, 1undifferentiated cancer. The diagnosis was comfirmed by needle aspiration biopsy(NAB) in 2 cases preoperatively, by frozen section in 4 cases intraoperatively. Among the 11 patients, total thyroidectomy was performed on 4 patients, near total thyroidectomy on 7 patients; functional neck dissection(FND) on 7 patients. Ten patients were followed up for 1～2 years (average 4 years and 9 months), only 1 patient died; 9 patients were alive and 8 were free of cancer. Conclusions The diagnosis of SBTC is difficult before operation, so for suspicions patient of SBTC, preoperative NAB or intraoperative frozen section should be done to make the diagnosis. The choice of surgery for SBTC is near total thyroidectomy. FND should be done, if the patient has indication of FND, but a preventing FND is not advocated.